A fiber optic splitter is an essential passive device in telecommunications, capable of distributing a single light signal into multiple beams. Two primary splitter technologies dominate the market: Fused Biconical Taper (FBT) and Planar Lightwave Circuit (PLC). This guide explores their differences to help you select the appropriate splitter for your application.

PLC Splitter: Precision and Performance

PLC Splitter Overview:

• Technology: Utilizes planar lightwave circuit technology for precise signal splitting.

• Layers: Comprises a substrate, waveguide, and lid for controlled light passage.

• Split Ratios: Available in various configurations such as 1:4, 1:8, up to 1:64.

Advantages of PLC Splitter:

• Wavelength Range: Operates across 1260nm to 1650nm, suitable for multiple wavelengths.

• Uniform Splitting: Ensures equal distribution across all outputs.

• Compact Design: Small form factor for space-efficient installations.

• Stability: Reliable performance across different network sizes.

Disadvantages of PLC Splitter:

• Complex Production: Involves intricate manufacturing processes.

• Cost: Typically more expensive than FBT splitters for smaller split ratios.

Applications:

• High-Density Networks: Ideal for large-scale deployments requiring uniform distribution.

• Data Centers: Compact design fits well in confined server rooms.

FBT Splitter: Cost-Effective and Customizable

FBT Splitter Overview:

• Technology: Traditional fiber fusion technique creating a biconical taper.

• Protection: Fused fibers encased in a glass tube for durability.

Advantages of FBT Splitter:

• Cost-Effective: Made from readily available, low-cost materials.

• Customizable Ratios: Allows for specialized configurations like 1:3, 1:7, 1:11.

Disadvantages of FBT Splitter:

• Limited Wavelengths: Functions only at 850nm, 1310nm, and 1550nm.

• Temperature Sensitivity: Higher loss and potential for failure in extreme temperatures.

Applications:

• Small-Scale Networks: Perfect for cost-sensitive or less complex network architectures.

• Short-Distance Transmission: Effective for applications requiring short-range signal distribution.

Comparative Analysis

Operating Wavelength:

• FBT: Limited to three wavelengths.

• PLC: Broader range suitable for diverse applications.

Splitting Ratio:

• FBT: Customizable up to 1:32.

• PLC: Standard ratios up to 1:64, or 1:128

Splitting Uniformity:

• FBT: Uneven distribution may affect transmission distance.

• PLC: Consistent splitting for reliable performance.

Failure Rate:

• FBT: Higher rate with increased splits, especially over 1:8.

• PLC: Lower failure rate due to precise manufacturing.

Temperature-Dependent Loss:

• FBT: Operates between -5 to 75℃.

• PLC: Wider range of -40 to 85℃ for extreme climates.

Price and Size:

• FBT: Larger and more affordable, suitable for less constrained spaces.

• PLC: Compact and ideal for confined areas.

Conclusion

The choice between FBT and PLC splitters depends on specific application requirements. For large-scale, high-precision networks, PLC splitters are recommended. However, for smaller, cost-sensitive projects, FBT splitters provide a viable option. Consider factors like wavelength support, splitting ratio, uniformity, and environmental conditions when making your decision.

For more information or tailored recommendations, contact our fiber optic specialists today.